What is Cholesterol? Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced in the liver and also comes from certain foods we eat. It plays an important role in the structure of body cells, hormone production, and digestion. While a moderate level of cholesterol is necessary for good health, high levels can cause serious health complications such as heart disease, stroke, and arterial blockages.

Where Does Cholesterol in the Blood Come From?

About 80% of cholesterol is naturally produced by the liver, while the remaining comes from dietary sources. The liver works as a factory, but in some people, due to genetics, it produces excess cholesterol, which then builds up inside blood vessels. This buildup forms deposits called plaques, narrowing the arteries and restricting blood flow.

The way cholesterol enters the bloodstream is closely linked with what we eat. For example, diets rich in fried food, processed meat, and dairy products can push cholesterol levels higher. On the other hand, fiber-rich foods help the body remove excess cholesterol. Understanding this balance between liver production and diet is key to controlling cholesterol effectively.

Foods That Contain Cholesterol

• Red meat (beef, mutton, etc.)
• Egg yolk
• Dairy products such as milk, butter, cheese, and yogurt
• Organ meats like liver, kidney, and brain
• Poultry and fish (contain lower cholesterol compared to red meat)
• Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts (very little or no cholesterol)

Types of Cholesterol

There are three main types of cholesterol that circulate in the bloodstream:

• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol: Known as “good cholesterol” because it helps remove extra cholesterol from blood vessels and transports it back to the liver.
• LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol: Known as “bad cholesterol” as it deposits cholesterol on artery walls, leading to blockages and heart diseases.
• Triglycerides: A type of fat formed when excess calories are stored in the body. High levels increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular problems.

Normal Cholesterol Levels

• Total Cholesterol: 180 mg/dL or less (normal)
• Borderline High: 181–199 mg/dL
• High Cholesterol: 200 mg/dL or above

Causes of High Cholesterol

• Genetic factors and family history
• High intake of fatty and fried foods
• Medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease, and kidney problems
• Obesity and lack of exercise
• Smoking and alcohol consumption

Lifestyle plays a huge role in cholesterol management. People with sedentary routines, who spend long hours sitting and consume processed fast food, are more likely to develop high cholesterol. Stress also indirectly contributes by altering eating habits and increasing reliance on unhealthy foods. This is why a balanced lifestyle is just as important as medical treatment when dealing with cholesterol.

Symptoms of High Cholesterol

High cholesterol usually has no visible symptoms. The only way to confirm it is through a blood test. In rare cases, cholesterol deposits appear around the eyes, joints, or skin as yellowish patches. Over time, cholesterol silently builds up in arteries, making them hard and narrow.

Negative Effects of High Cholesterol

• Brain: Restricted blood flow can cause stroke or temporary loss of consciousness.
• Heart: Chest pain (angina), heart attack, or even heart failure may occur.
• Legs: Narrowed arteries may cause severe pain during walking, and in extreme cases, lead to amputation.
• Other Organs: Reduced blood supply can damage kidneys, intestines, and other vital organs.

Cholesterol Treatment and Home Remedies

Apart from medications prescribed by doctors, there are natural remedies to control cholesterol. A well-known traditional remedy is the use of bitter gourd (Karela).

Take one pound of bitter gourd, peel it, dry it, and grind it into powder form. Store the powder in a container and consume half a teaspoon twice a day. This natural treatment is beneficial for not only cholesterol but also for blood pressure and diabetes.

Prevention Tips for Cholesterol

• Exercise regularly, at least 30 minutes daily
• Eat fresh fruits and vegetables
• Avoid fried and fatty foods
• Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake
• Maintain a healthy weight

Prevention is always better than cure. Adopting small but consistent habits such as walking after meals, replacing fried snacks with nuts or fruits, and drinking enough water daily can make a huge difference. Cardiologists recommend combining aerobic exercises with strength training for better heart health. Additionally, mindful eating—being aware of portion sizes and food choices—helps maintain cholesterol balance naturally.

More About Cholesterol

You can read more about cholesterol, its management, and treatment on
Healthline – High Cholesterol Guide.

FAQ About Cholesterol